Brave New World By Aldus Huxley - 1572 Words

In Brave New World, Aldus Huxley develops a society that manufactures happiness among its citizens through the elimination of individual ideas and desires. Mustapha Mond contends that adults should sacrifice their individual knowledge, beliefs, and desires in exchange for a superficial sense of happiness. Mond is a villainous leader who denies his citizens a chance to develop as fully rounded people, who not only contribute to society’s stability and well-being, but also spend sufficient time growing as an individual. Section II The idea of happiness is deeply rooted as a central idea of Huxley’s novel. The World State is designed so that people can immediately satisfy their superficial wants. This, in turn, ensures that the masses†¦show more content†¦How can someone who turned away from the opportunity to delve deeper into his own morals through literature and also decided against increasing his overall knowledge through independent scientific discovery be considered fit for a role as World Controller? Should someone in such a position of power first know himself and be considered a fully rounded person before attempting to know and get a pulse on the rest of society? Perhaps Mond is fully concerned with improving the World State, but simply is not experienced or knowledgeable enough to do so in an effective manner. He may truly believe that stability is indeed the end all, be all when it comes to happiness, but this is a short-sighted belief that ultimately is a detriment t o the masses. Section III In â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†, Plato writes about the role of a leader in ancient society. In his essay, Plato sheds light on some of the important qualities of an effective leader. He believes that a leader first should leave the cave and experience the world outside of it for himself, and then needs to be able to return to the cave and convince the people that remain inside of it to join him in exiting the cave. Mustapha Mond was on his way to exiting the cave of the World State as a young man, as he developed a passion for knowledge

A Central Question Of Government Who Should Rule

In The Republic, Plato attempts to deconstruct and solve a central question of government: who should rule. In tackling the quandary of justice, he considers the ideal polis or kallipolis, a collective unit of self-government, and the relationship between the structure of the Republic and its attainment. Plato pontificates that philosopher-kings should be the ultimate authority, they possess special knowledge, which is required to rule the kallipolis successfully and optimise the happiness of its citizens. Plato argues that â€Å"there will be no end to the troubles of states†¦ humanity itself, till philosophers become kings in the world†¦ and political power and philosophy thus come into the same hands† (Plato, 212b-c). The kallipolis is a just city where political rule is predicated not on power, but knowledge. Nonetheless, Plato recognises that power plays an essential role in the function of the kallipolis and the modern state. Plato’s argument for the phi losopher-kings’ rule is not realistic, however traces of the characteristics of his normative form of rule appear in the modern state. Nonetheless, it is necessary to highlight aspects of the modern state congruent to those of the kallipolis. The essay will conclude that, in terms of Plato’s argument, the philosopher-kings should govern; Plato advertises a republican political system, implemented through meritocracy. While recognising the fundamental flaw in humankind so clearly manifested in the â€Å"Hitlers† and â€Å"Stalins† ofShow MoreRelatedA Strong Central Government - Essay735 Words   |  3 PagesA Strong Central Government Patty Saltkill PPA 601: Foundations in Public Administration February 20, 2012 R.D. Robertson Ashford University A Strong Central Government Government of any kind is set up to make a country run smother and with less problems. 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Accounting Test free essay sample

Estimated total manufacturing overhead costs divided by actual total units in the allocation base. 2. Which of the following would probably be the least appropriate allocation base for allocating overhead in a highly automated manufacturer of specialty valves? A. Machine-hours B. Power consumption C. Direct labor-hours D. Machine setups 3. Which terms will make the following statement true? A. debit, actual B. credit, actual C. debit, estimated D. credit, estimated 4. Daguio Corporation uses direct labor-hours in its predetermined overhead rate. At the beginning of the year, the total estimated manufacturing overhead was $224,580. At the end of the year, actual direct labor-hours for the year were 18,200 hours, manufacturing overhead for the year was underapplied by $12,100, and the actual manufacturing overhead was $219,580. The predetermined overhead rate for the year must have been closest to: A. $11. 40 per machine-hour B. $12. 34 per machine-hour. Washtenaw Corporation uses a job-order costing system. The following data are for last year: Washtenaw applies overhead using a predetermined rate based on direct labor-hours. We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting Test or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What predetermined overhead rate was used last year? A. $3. 55 per direct labor-hour B. $3. 25 per direct labor-hour C. $3. 08 per direct labor-hour D. $3. 36 per direct labor-hour 7. A company should use process costing, rather than job order costing, if: A. production is only partially completed during the accounting period. B. the product is manufactured in batches only as orders are received. Which of the following characteristics applies to process costing, but does not apply to job order costing? A. The need for averaging. B. The use of equivalent units of production. C. Separate, identifiable jobs. D. The use of predetermined overhead rates. 9. The cost of beginning inventory under the weighted-average method is: A. added in with current period costs in determining costs per equivalent unit for a given period. B. gnored in determining the costs per equivalent unit for a given period. C. considered separately from costs incurred during the current period. D. subtracted from current period costs in determining costs per equivalent unit for a given period. 10. The Nichols Company uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. The company recorded 29,500 equivalent units for conversion costs for November in a particular department. There were 6,000 units in the ending work in process inventory on November 30, 75% complete with respect to conversion costs. The November 1 work in process inventory consisted of 8,000 units, 50% complete with respect to conversion costs. A total of 25,000 units were completed and transferred out of the department during the month. The number of units started during November in the department was: A. 24,500 units B. 23,000 units C. 27,000 units D. 21,000 units 11. Diston Company uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. The first processing department, the Welding Department, started the month with 18,000 units in its beginning work in process inventory that were 30% complete with respect to conversion costs. The conversion cost in this beginning work in process inventory was $44,820. An additional 90,000 units were started into production during the month. There were 21,000 units in the ending work in process inventory of the Welding Department that were 10% complete with respect to conversion costs. A total of $677,970 in conversion costs were incurred in the department during the month. What would be the cost per equivalent unit for conversion costs for the month? (Round off to three decimal places. ) A. $8. 112 B. $8. 300 C. $7. 533 D. $6. 108 12. Sanchez Corporation uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. The Fitting Department is the second department in its production process. The data below summarize the departments operations in March. The Fitting Departments cost per equivalent unit for conversion cost for March was $8. 66. How much conversion cost was assigned to the units transferred out of the Fitting Department during March? A. $480,630 B. $450,320 C. $444,258 D. $510,940 13. Designing a new product is an example of (an): A. Unit-level activity. B. Batch-level activity. C. Product-level activity. D. Organization-sustaining activity. 14. McCaskey Corporation uses an activity-based costing system with the following three activity cost pools: The Other activity cost pool is used to accumulate costs of idle capacity and organization-sustaining costs. The company has provided the following data concerning its costs: The distribution of resource consumption across activity cost pools is given below: The activity rate for the Fabrication activity cost pool is closest to: A. $1. 65 per machine-hour B. $4. 00 per machine-hour C. $0. 0 per machine-hour D. $2. 40 per machine-hour 15. Christiansen Corporation uses an activity-based costing system with the following three activity cost pools: The Other activity cost pool is used to accumulate costs of idle capacity and organization-sustaining costs. The company has provided the following data concerning its costs: The distribution of resource consumption across activity cost pools is given below: The activity ra te for the Order Processing activity cost pool is closest to: A. $676 per order B. $780 per order C. $560 per order D. $312 per order 16. Bossie Corporation uses an activity-based costing system with three activity cost pools. The company has provided the following data concerning its costs and its activity based costing system: How much cost, in total, would be allocated in the first-stage allocation to the Assembly activity cost pool? A. $196,333 B. $209,000 C. $310,000 D. $155,000 17. Spendlove Corporation has provided the following data from its activity-based costing system: The company makes 430 units of product S78N a year, requiring a total of 1,120 machine-hours, 40 orders, and 30 inspection-hours per year. The products direct materials cost is $49. 81 per unit and its direct labor cost is $12. 34 per unit. The product sells for $129. 90 per unit. According to the activity-based costing system, the product margin for product S78N is: A. $4,116. 50 B. $29,132. 50 C. $6,180. 50 D. $5,161. 30 18. Wecker Corporation uses the following activity rates from its activity-based costing to assign overhead costs to products: Data concerning two products appear below: How much overhead cost would be assigned to Product V09X using the activity-based costing system? A. 157. 87 B. $91,722. 47 C. $10,385. 22 D. $5,485. 50 19. The balance in the Work in Process account equals: A. the balance in the Finished Goods inventory account. B. the balance in the Cost of Goods Sold account. C. the balances on the job cost sheets of uncompleted jobs. D. the balance in the Manufacturing Overhead account. 20. Overapplied manufacturing overhead occurs when: A. applied overhead exceeds actual overhead. B. applied overhead exceeds estimated overhead. C. actual overhead exceeds estimated overhead. D. budgeted overhead exceeds actual overhead.

The Impact of Global Warming and Desertification Essay Example

The Impact of Global Warming and Desertification Paper Global warming (climate change) also leads to sea-level rise with its attendant consequences, and includes fiercer weather, increased frequency and intensity of storms, floods, hurricanes, droughts, increased frequency of fires, poverty, malnutrition and series of health and socio-economic consequences. It has a cumulative effect on natural resources and the balance of nature. Desertification in Nigeria arises from the demands of increased populations that settle on the land in order to grow crops and graze animals. However, desertification is presently affecting the eleven rather states and is also considered the most pressing environmental problem and accounts for about 73% out of the estimated total cost of about US$5. 110 billion per annum the country is losing arising from environmental degradation (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, 1999). This paper discusses briefly, the menace of global warming and desertification, the causes of this menace and solutions. Further, it analyses the extent and the impact of global warming and desertification on the Nigerian ecosystem. INTRODUCTION Nigeria has a rarity of ecosystems, from mangroves and rainforests on the Atlantic coast in the south to the Savannah in the north bordering the Sahara. Whether dry or wet, these ecosystems are being battered by global warming and desertification and the impact can be vast. In the aspect of globalization, some stable ecosystems such as the Sale Savanna may become vulnerable because global warming will reinforce existing patterns of water scarcity and increase the risk of drought in Nigeria and indeed most countries in West Africa. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Global Warming and Desertification specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Global Warming and Desertification specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Global Warming and Desertification specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As well, the countrys aquatic ecosystems, wetlands and Other habitats ill create overwhelming problems for an already impoverished populace. Preliminary studies on the vulnerability of various sectors of the Nigerian economy to Climate Change were conducted by the Nigerian Environmental Study/Action Team (NEST). The sectors evaluations were based on seven natural and human systems identified by the Intergovernmental panel on climatic change (EPIC), and were later condensed into five. They include: ; Human settlements and health; ; Water resources, wetlands, and freshwater ecosystems; ; Energy, industry, commerce, and financial services; Agriculture, food security, Global Warming, forestry, and biodiversity; and ; Coastal zone and marine ecosystems. The study determined that virtually all of the sectors analyzed manifested some evidence of vulnerability to global warming. None were unaffected, nor will remain unaffected in future by changes in climatic conditions. In fact, more recent assessment although in regional and global scale, not only corroborate the patterns established by Canada-Nigeria Climate Change Capacity Development Project(CNN-CDC) reports but captured more stubbing scenarios using more embracing and sophisticated approaches (Intergovernmental panel on Climatic Change, 2007). Indications are that the climate system is more sensitive than originally thought. Scientists have spent decades figuring out what is causing global warming. They have looked at the natural cycles and events that are known to influence climate. But the amount and pattern of warming that is been measured cant be explained by these factors alone. The only way to explain the pattern is to include the effect of greenhouse gases (Eggs) emitted by humans. One of the first things scientists learned is that there are several greenhouse gases responsible for warming, and humans emit them in a variety of ways. Most come from the combustion of fossil fuels in cars, factories and electricity production. The gas responsible for the most warming is carbon dioxide, also called ICC. Other contributors include methane released from landfills and agriculture (especially from the digestive systems of grazing animals), nitrous oxide from fertilizers, gases used for refrigeration and industrial processes, and the loss of forests that would otherwise store ICC. Desertification could be described as the spread of a desert environment into arid or semiarid regions, caused by climatic changes, human influence, or both. (Cline 2007) Climatic factors include periods of temporary but severe drought and long- term climatic changes toward dryness. Human factors include artificial climatic alteration, as through the removal of vegetation (which can lead to unnaturally high erosion), excessive cultivation, and the exhaustion of water supplies. Desertification drains an arid or semiarid land of its life-supporting capabilities. It is one of the major causes of global warming. About 81. 5 billion metric tons of carbons are added into the atmosphere annually out of which about 3. 5 billion metric tons are contributed by deforestation, fossil fuels, organic matter, forest fire and other human activities. Asthma and Asthma, 2003). It is characterized by a declining groundwater table, salt accumulation in topsoil and water, a decrease in surface water, increasing erosion, and the disappearance of native vegetation. Moreover, desertification is often accompanied by Global Warming in arid and semi-arid areas resulting from arioso factors including climate variations and human activities therefore, leading to loss of arable land, displac ement, resettlement and loss of grazing land. The Nigerian first National Communication (2003) indicates that Sudan-Sale that is mostly 1 1 states of Northern Nigeria have suffered decrease in rainfall in the range of about 30-40 percent or about 3-4 percent decades since the beginning of the century. With this desert encroachment, over 90 percent of the population in the frontline states being farmers who depend directly on a wide range of natural resources and the ecosystem revise for their livelihood will face the severe impact of drought. Desertification leads to poverty with all social, economic and cultural consequences, with women being the most vulnerable and also leading to serious wind erosion and loss of agricultural lands. Desertification could also lead to food insecurity, loss of livelihoods and livestock, forced migration, increase in rate of soil erosion, contribution to global warming and loss of bio diversity. One of the major causes of desertification is deforestation, which is the cutting down of trees for domestic uses and this affects the ecosystem actively. Overgrazing of lands by nomads and careless bush burning could also contribute to the desertification. Solutions. There are possible solutions to global warming and desertification in Nigeria, The citizens and the government should put in effort to curb the effects of these two problems. The govern meet should also implement policies that would encourage the planting and grooming of trees. Drastic measures should be taken concerning industries that release dangerous fumes and toxic gases into the atmosphere.